Ginseng's Secret Language: How Plant miRNAs Speak to Human Cells

Posted on: Wednesday, August 14th 2024 at 3:00 am

Written By: 

GreenMedInfo Research Group

Imagine a world where plants can directly communicate with our bodies at a molecular level, fine-tuning our physiological processes. This isn't science fiction - it's the fascinating reality of cross-kingdom regulation through microRNAs, with ginseng leading the charge in this botanical-human dialogue.

The Silent Conversation: miRNAs as Cross-Kingdom Messengers

In the intricate dance of life, species have long been known to interact and support one another. However, recent discoveries in the field of molecular biology have unveiled a new layer to these relationships - one that operates at the genetic level through microRNAs (miRNAs). These small, non-coding RNA molecules play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, and remarkably, they can traverse the boundaries between kingdoms.

Ginseng: A Master of Cross-Kingdom Communication

Ginseng, revered for centuries in traditional medicine, has emerged as a prime example of a plant capable of cross-kingdom communication via miRNAs. Recent studies have shown that ginseng-derived miRNAs can survive mammalian digestion and enter circulation, where they interact with our cells and influence various physiological processes.1] This remarkable ability of ginseng miRNAs to cross species boundaries and directly impact mammalian and therefore presumably human physiology opens up new avenues for understanding the molecular basis of ginseng's therapeutic effects.

Key Human Processes Modulated by Ginseng miRNAs

1. Immune Function

Ginseng miRNAs, particularly miRNA156, have been found to modulate immune responses in humans. They can influence the production of cytokines and the activity of immune cells, potentially explaining ginseng's reputation as an immune-boosting herb.

2. Energy Metabolism

Research has shown that ginseng miRNAs can affect key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and energy production. This may contribute to ginseng's reported effects on fatigue and endurance.

3. Antioxidant Activity

Certain ginseng miRNAs have been observed to upregulate antioxidant enzymes in human cells, offering a molecular explanation for ginseng's antioxidant properties.

4. Cardiovascular Health

Studies suggest that ginseng miRNAs may influence genes involved in blood pressure regulation and vascular health, aligning with traditional uses of ginseng for cardiovascular support.

The Broader Implications: A Web of Interspecies Support

The discovery of cross-kingdom regulation through miRNAs offers a new perspective on why diverse ecosystems tend to be healthier and more resilient. When plants and animals support one another, they may be engaging in a complex exchange of genetic information that fine-tunes the physiology of all participants.

This interspecies dialogue through miRNAs could explain:

• Why diverse diets tend to promote better health
• The importance of biodiversity for ecosystem and human health
• The molecular basis for some traditional herbal medicines

Conclusion: Redefining Our Relationship with Nature

As we uncover the intricate ways in which species communicate through miRNAs, we are compelled to reconsider our relationship with the natural world. The line between "us" and "them" becomes blurred, revealing a deeply interconnected web of life where genetic information flows freely between species. Ginseng, with its remarkable ability to modulate human physiology through miRNAs, serves as a powerful example of this cross-kingdom collaboration, hinting at the untapped potential of nature to support and enhance human health.

Learn more by reading the following article: Plant-Derived Exosomes as Cross-Species Messengers and Beacons of Epigenetics

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References

1. Wang, J., Li, C., Ruan, J., Yang, C., Tian, Y., Lu, B., & Wang, Y. (2024). Cross-kingdom regulation of ginseng miRNA156 on immunity and metabolism. International Immunopharmacology, 138, 112577.

2. Zhang, L., Hou, D., Chen, X., Li, D., Zhu, L., Zhang, Y., ... & Zhang, C. Y. (2012). Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA. Cell Research, 22(1), 107-126.

3. Shu, J., Chiang, K., Zempleni, J., & Cui, J. (2015). Computational characterization of exogenous microRNAs that can be transferred into human circulation. PloS One, 10(10), e0140587.

4. Chin, A. R., Fong, M. Y., Somlo, G., Wu, J., Swiderski, P., Wu, X., & Wang, S. E. (2016). Cross-kingdom inhibition of breast cancer growth by plant miR159. Cell Research, 26(2), 217-228.

5. Zhou, Z., Li, X., Liu, J., Dong, L., Chen, Q., Liu, J., ... & Zhang, L. (2015). Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly targets influenza A viruses. Cell Research, 25(1), 39-49.