This article was first published in July 2013
Rich and powerful elites have long dreamed of world control. The
ambitious Romans, Attila the Hun, great Muslim leaders of Medieval
Spain, the Mughals of India all exercised immense influence over
different parts of the globe in set periods of recognised ascendancy.
Sometimes tribal, sometimes national, sometimes religious, often
dynastic, their success defined epochs, but was never effectively
global until the twentieth century. At that point, with the future of
the British Empire under threat from other aspiring nations, in
particular Germany , a momentous decision was taken by a group of
powerful and determined men, that direct action had to be taken to
assert their control, and that of the British race, over the entire
civilised world. It has grown from that tiny select cabal into a monster
that may already be beyond control.
“One wintry afternoon in February 1891, three men were engaged in earnest conversation in London. From that conversation were to flow consequences of the greatest importance for the British Empire and to the world as a whole.”
So begins Professor Carroll Quigley’s book The Anglo American Establishment. It
may read like a John Le Carre thriller, but this was no spy fiction.
The three staunch British Imperialists who met in London that day, Cecil
Rhodes, William Stead and Lord Esher, were soon joined by Lords
Rothschild, Salisbury, Rosebery and Milner, men whose financial,
political, and administrative powers set them apart. Some of these names
may not be familiar to you, but that is a mark of the absolute success
of this group. From the outset they insisted on secrecy, operated in
secret and ensured that their influence was airbrushed from history.
They believed that white men of Anglo-Saxon descent rightly sat at the
top of the racial hierarchy and they fully understood the impending
threat from a burgeoning Germany whose modern, expanding economy had
begun to challenge British hegemony on the world stage.
The above named elites drew up a plan for a secret society that aimed
to renew the bond between Great Britain and the United States [1]
and bring all habitable portions of the world under their influence and
control. The U.S. had grown rapidly in self-esteem, wealth and
opportunity since the declaration of independence in 1776, but
Anglo-American connections remained strong and would embroil her in the
long-term plan for one world government. The meeting in 1891 was, in
effect, the birth of the New World Order cabal.
Great financiers frequently used their fortunes to influence
questions of peace and war and control politics for profit. Cecil Rhodes
was different. He was determined to use his vast fortune not simply to
generate ever-increasing profit, but to realise his dream, a dream he
shared with his co-conspirators. Rhodes turned
the profit objective on
its head and sought to amass great wealth into his secret society in
order to achieve political ends, to buy governments and politicians, buy
public opinion and the means to influence it. [2] He intended that his
wealth should be used to grasp control of the world, secretly. Secrecy
was the cornerstone. No one outside the favoured few knew of the group’s
existence. They have since been referred to obliquely in speeches and
books as “The Money Power”, “The Hidden Power” or “the men behind the
curtain”. All of these labels are pertinent, but we have called them,
collectively, the Secret Elite.
Carroll Quigley revealed that Secret Elite influence on education was
chiefly visible at the exclusive English private schools, Eton and
Harrow, and at Oxford University , especially All Souls and Balliol
Colleges . [3] This immensely rich and powerful group was given
intellectual approval and inspiration by the philosophy of John Ruskin,
professor of fine arts at Oxford. He spoke to the
Oxford undergraduates as members of the privileged ruling class, telling
them that they possessed a magnificent tradition of education, rule of
law and freedom. He championed all that was finest in the public service
ethic, duty and self-discipline, and believed that English ruling class
tradition should be spread to the masses across the empire. [4]
But behind such well-serving words lay a philosophy strongly opposed
to the emancipation of woman, had no time for democracy and supported
the “just” war.[5] Ruskin advocated that control of the state should be
placed in the hands of a small ruling class. Social order was to be
built upon the authority of superiors, imposing upon their inferiors an
absolute, unquestioning obedience. He was repelled by the notion of
levelling between the classes and by the disintegration of the
“rightful” authority of the ruling class. [6]Ruskin’s philosophy was
music to the ears of the elitists. It gave their lust for global power
the blessing of academic approval. What they did, they would claim, was
not for them, but for mankind. They would rise to power on the spurious
justification that the world would consequently be a better place for
humanity.
Inspired by Ruskin, Cecil Rhodes and his accomplices created the
secret society with an inner core of trusted associates called “The
Society of the Elect”, who unquestionably knew that they were members of
an exclusive cabal devoted to taking and holding power on a world-wide
basis. [7] A second outer ring, larger and quite fluid in its
membership, was named “The Association of Helpers”. At this level
members might not have known that they were an integral part of, or
inadvertently being used by, a secret society. Many on the outer edges
of the group, idealists and honest individuals, may never have been
aware that the real decisions were made by a ruthless clique about whom
they had no knowledge. [8]
The man who exposed the secret society, Carroll Quigley (1910 –
1977), was the highly esteemed professor of history at the School of
Foreign Service at Georgetown University , and a lecturer at Princeton
and Harvard. He revealed that the organisation was able to “conceal its
existence quite successfully, and many of its most influential members…
are unknown even to close students of British History”. [9] Quigley’s
greatest contribution to our understanding of modern history came with
his books, The Anglo-American Establishment and Tragedy and Hope, A History of the World in Our Time.
The former was written in 1949 but only released after his death. His
disclosures placed him in such potential danger from an Establishment
backlash that it was never published in his lifetime. In a 1974 radio
broadcast, Quigley warned the interviewer, Rudy Maxa of the Washington
Post, “You better be discreet. You have to protect my future as well as
your own.” [10]
Quigley
had received assistance of a “personal nature” from individuals close
to what he called the “Group”, but “for obvious reasons” he could not
reveal their names. [11] He made it clear that evidence about them was
not hard to find “if you know where to look,”[12] and it has to be asked
why generations of historians have failed to pursue his trail. Though
sworn to secrecy, Professor Quigley revealed in the radio interview that
Sir Alfred Zimmern, the British historian and political scientist, had
confirmed the names of the main protagonists within the secret society.
Without a shadow of doubt, Zimmern himself was a close associate of
those at the centre of real power in Britain. He knew most of the key
figures personally and was himself a member of the inner core of the
secret society for twelve years between 1910 and 1922. [13]
The enigma of Professor Quigley’s work lies in his statement that
while the secret cabal had brought many of the things he held dear close
to disaster, he generally agreed with its goals and aims. [14] Were
these merely words of self-preservation? Be mindful of his warning to
Rudy Maxa as late as 1974. Quigley clearly felt that these revelations
placed him in danger. Unknown persons removed his major work, Tragedy and Hope, from
the bookstore shelves in America , and it was withdrawn from sale
without any justification soon after its release. The book’s original
plates were unaccountably destroyed by Quigley’s publisher, the
Macmillan Company, who, for the next six years “lied, lied, lied” to him
and deliberately misled him into believing that it would be
reprinted. [15] Why? What pressures obliged a major publishing house to
take such extreme action? Quigley stated categorically that powerful
people had suppressed the book because it exposed matters that they did
not want known. The reader has to understand that we are discussing
individuals whose power, influence and control were unrivalled.
From the very start, each of the initial conspirators brought
valuable qualities and connections to the society. Cecil Rhodes was
Prime Minister of the Cape Colony and master and commander of a vast
area of Southern Africa which some were already beginning to call
Rhodesia . His wealth had been underwritten by brutal native suppression
[16] and the global mining interests of the House of Rothschild,
[17] to whom he was answerable. William Stead was the most prominent
journalist of his day and a voice to which ordinary people
listened. Lord Esher represented the interests of the monarchy from
Queen Victoria ’s final years, through the exuberant excesses of King
Edward VII, to the more sedate but pliable King George V. His influence
was immense because he operated between monarchs, the aristocracy and
leading political figures. He chaired important secret committees, was
responsible for appointments to the Cabinet, the senior ranks of the
diplomatic corps and voiced strong personal opinion on top army posts.
[18] Esher exerted a power behind the throne far in excess of his
constitutional position. His role of powerbroker on behalf of the Secret
Elite was without equal. Indeed Professor Quigley dubbed him,
“the greatest wire puller of the period.” [19]
Another name that pervaded all that was powerful and influential
during this period was that of the Rothschild dynasty, and Quigley
placed Lord Nathaniel (Natty) Rothschild within the very core of the
secret organization. [20] Rothschild was all-powerful in British and
world banking and virtually untouchable.
“The House of Rothschild was immensely more powerful than any financial empire that had ever preceded it. It commanded vast wealth. It was international. It was independent. Royal governments were nervous of it because they could not control it. Popular movements hated it because it was not answerable to the people. Constitutionalists resented it because its influence was exercised behind the scenes – secretly.” [21]
Taken together, the principal players, Rhodes, Stead, Esher,
Rothschild and Milner represented a new force that was emerging inside
British politics, but powerful old traditional aristocratic families
that had long dominated Westminster , often in cahoots with the reigning
monarch, were also deeply involved, and none more so than the Cecil
family. Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, the patriarchal 3rd Marquis
of Salisbury, ruled the Conservative Party at the latter end of the
nineteenth century. He served as prime minister three times for a total
of fourteen years, between 1885 and 1902 (longer than anyone else in
recent history). When he retired as prime minister in July 1902, he
handed over the reins of government to his sister’s son, Arthur Balfour.
Lord Salisbury had four siblings, five sons and three daughters who
were all linked and interlinked by marriage to individuals in the upper
echelons of the English ruling class. Important government positions
were given to relations, friends and wealthy supporters who proved their
gratitude by ensuring that his views became policy in government, civil
service and diplomatic circles. This extended ‘Cecil-Bloc’ was
intricately linked to “The Society of the Elect” and Secret Elite
ambitions throughout the first half of the twentieth century. [22]
Another member of the inner core, Lord Alfred Milner, offers cause
for greater scrutiny because he has been virtually airbrushed from the
history of the period. Alfred Milner was a self-made man and remarkably
successful civil servant who became a key figure within the Secret Elite
and absolutely powerful within the ranks of these privileged
individuals. He and Rhodes had been contemporaries at Oxford University ,
and were inextricably connected through events in South Africa . Rhodes
recognised in him the kind of steel that was required to pursue the
dream of world domination, “I support Milner absolutely without reserve.
If he says peace, I say peace; if he says war, I say war. Whatever
happens, I say ditto to Milner.” [23] Milner grew in time to be the most
able of them all, to enjoy the privilege of patronage and power, a man
to whom others turned for leadership and direction.
When governor general and high commissioner of South Africa , Milner
deliberately caused the Boer War in order to grab the Transvaal’s gold
and use the economic resources of South Africa to extend and perpetuate
Secret Elite control. He had the grace to confess in a letter to Lord
Roberts, Commander in Chief in South Africa, that
“I precipitated the crisis, which was inevitable, before it was too late. It is not very agreeable, and in many eyes, not very creditable piece of business to have been largely instrumental in bringing about a big war.” [24]
This was no immodest boast. Alfred Milner’s matter-of-fact
explanation displayed the cold objectivity that drove the Secret Elite
cause. War was unfortunate, but necessary. It had to be. They were not
afraid of war.
The Secret Elite’s war against the Dutch settlers began in October
1899 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May
1902. The Boer Republics were annexed to the British Empire . The
Transvaal ’s gold was finally in the hands of the Secret Elite at a cost
of some 70,000 dead on the battlefields, plus 32,000 dead in British
concentration camps, including more than 20,000 children of Dutch
descent. Some thirty thousand Boer farms were burned to the ground,
livestock slaughtered, and the women and children put in British
concentration camps. In the camps, the families of men fighting for the
Boer army were punished by being put on half the already meagre rations
with no meat whatsoever. [25] W. T. Stead, former member of the inner
core of the Secret Elite who had resigned in disgust over the Boer War,
was overcome by the evidence presented to him. He wrote,
“Every one of these children who died as a result of the halving of their rations, thereby exerting pressure onto their family still on the battle-field, was purposefully murdered. The system of half rations stands exposed, stark and unashamedly as a cold-blooded deed of state policy employed with the purpose of ensuring the surrender of men whom we were not able to defeat on the field.” [26]
20,000 children dying in British concentration camps were of little
consequence to Milner. He was so driven that he ignored the weight of
opposition ranged against him. He warned his friend, Richard Haldane:
“If we are to build up anything in South Africa , we must disregard, and
absolutely disregard, the screamers.” [27] It takes a very strong man
to disregard the screamers, to ignore moral indignation, to put the
cause before humanitarian concerns. Some frontline politicians find it
all but impossible to stand against a torrent of public outrage, but
those behind the curtain in the secret corridors of power can easily
ignore ‘sentimentality’.
Milner’s period of stewardship in South Africa had a very important
consequence. He administered the defeated Transvaal and Orange Free
State as occupied territories, and recruited into the upper layers of
his civil service a band of young men from well-to-do, upper-class,
frequently titled families who became known as “Milner’s
Kindergarten.” [28] They replaced the government and administration of
the Boer republics, and worked prodigiously to rebuild the broken
country. [29] The Kindergarten comprised new blood; young educated men –
mostly Oxford graduates, with a deep sense of duty, loyalty to the
Empire and capable of populating the next generation of the secret
society. [30] In the period 1909-1913 the Kindergarten set up
semi-secret groups, known as Round Table Groups, in the United States
and the chief British dependencies.
Take Canada as an example. Numerous Canadian Round Table groups were
established from 1909. Lionel Curtis and Philip Kerr of the Secret
Elite’s inner core [31] went on a four-month trip to Canada in the
company of William Marris from the “Association of Helpers.” The object
of the trip was to lay the foundations for Round Table groups, to
reinforce the values of the British Empire and prepare them for a war
against Germany. They carried a letter from Alfred Milner to his old
friend Arthur J. Glazebrook asking him to help establish the groups.
Glazebrook became one of the most devoted and loyal friends of the
Secret Elite’s mission, and so successfully completed the task that for
twenty years he was head of the groups throughout Canada . Vincent
Massey, a Balliol College , Oxford graduate and lecturer in modern
history at Toronto University, was another important operative for the
Secret Elite in Canada . He would go on to hold senior cabinet and
diplomatic posts and became governor of the prestigious private school,
Upper Canada College , and the University of Toronto . [32] Sir Edward
Peacock, housemaster at Upper Canada College , and Edward Rogers Wood, a
prominent financier and businessman, were likewise very close to the
Canadian branch of the Milner group. [33] Other members of the Secret
Elite connected to Canada were, Sir George Parkin, Percy Corbett, Sir
Joseph Flavelle and George P. de T. Glazebrook. [34] The latter was the
son of Milner’s old friend Arthur Glazebrook. He too had studied at
Balliol College , Oxford and went on to teach history at the University
of Toronto.
The Round Table Groups in Canada , as elsewhere, were merely
different names for “The Association of Helpers” and only part of the
secret society, since the real power still lay with “The Society of the
Elect”. This all-powerful inner-core would bring in new members from the
outer ring as was deemed necessary. [35] The alliance of powerful
investment bankers, politicians, diplomats and press barons shared the
same unwritten purpose, the destruction of German imperial power and the
confirmation of Anglo-Saxon domination of the world.
Money was never a problem for the Secret Elite. As we have seen,
Natty Rothschild, the richest man in the world, was directly involved
from the beginning, but the ‘Money-Power’ extended well beyond that
single source. The Rand multi-millionaires, Sir Abe Bailey and Alfred
Beit were members of the inner core [36] and always willing to finance
Secret Elite proposals, fund their propaganda groups, and back Milner.
Sir Ernest Cassel, an investment banker and one of the wealthiest men in
pre-war Europe , was likewise involved. Cassel , a close friend of
King Edward VII, acted as go-between for the British government and
provided personal funds for Lord Esher. [37]
Other great financiers and bankers, centred in the City, the
financial and banking district of London, shared the vision of a single
world power based on English ruling class values. The world had entered
an era of financial capitalism where these wealthy international
investment bankers were able to dominate both industry and government if
they had the concerted will to do so. [38] This “Money Power” seeped
into the British Establishment and joined the aristocratic landowning
families who had ruled Britain for centuries. Together, they lay at the
heart of the Secret Elite.
In his “Confession of Faith”, Cecil Rhodes had written of
bringing the whole uncivilized world under British rule, and the
“recovery” of the United States to make the “Anglo-Saxon race but one
Empire,” [39] by which he meant a white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant America
working in tandem with like minds in England. Clearly the United States
could not be “recovered” by force of arms, so Rhodes dream was expanded
to include the wealthy elites in the U.S. who shared a similar
mind-set.
Rhodes suffered from heart and lung problems and was aware that his
projected life span was limited. He wrote several wills to ensure that
his fortune would be used to pursue his dream. Part of his strategy was
to gift scholarship places at his alma mater, Oxford University , in the
belief that exposure to British culture, philosophy and education would
strengthen the best young minds from the colonies and, most
importantly, the United States . Rhodes scholarships favoured American
students, with two allocated for each of the fifty States and
Territories, but only sixty places for the entire British Empire . The
“best talents” from the “best families” in the US were to be nurtured at
Oxford , spiritual home of the Secret Elite, and imbued with an
appreciation of “Englishness” and “retention of the unity of the
Empire.” [40] Professor Quigley revealed that “the
scholarships were merely a façade to conceal the secret society, or,
more accurately, they were to be one of the instruments by which the
members of the secret society could carry out his [ Rhodes ] purpose.”
[41]
The Secret Elite appreciated America ’s vast potential, and adjusted
the concept of British Race supremacy to Anglo-Saxon supremacy. Rhodes
’s dream had only to be slightly modified. The world was to be united
through the English-speaking nations in a federal structure based around
Britain . [42] Alfred Milner became the undisputed leader of the secret
society when Cecil Rhodes died in 1902. Like Rhodes , he believed that
the goal should be pursued by a secret political and economic elite
influencing “journalistic, educational and propaganda agencies” behind
the scenes. [43]
The flow of money into the United States during the nineteenth
century advanced industrial development to the immense benefit of the
millionaires it created, Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan, Vanderbilt and
their associates. The Rothschilds represented British interests, either
directly through front companies or indirectly, through agencies they
controlled. Railroads, steel, shipbuilding, construction, oil and
finance blossomed in an oft-cut throat environment, though that was more
apparent than real. These small groups of massively rich individuals on
both sides of the Atlantic knew each other well, and the Secret Elite
in London initiated a very select and secretive dining club, The
Pilgrims, that brought them together on a regular basis.
On 11 July 1902, an inaugural meeting was held at the Carlton Hotel
[44] of what became known as the London Chapter of The Pilgrims Society,
with a select membership limited by individual scrutiny to 500.
Ostensibly, the society was created to “promote goodwill, good
friendship and everlasting peace” [45] between Britain and the United
States , but its highly secretive and exclusive membership leaves little
doubt as to its real purpose. This was the pool of wealth and talent
that the Secret Elite drew together to promote its agenda in the years
preceding the First World War. Behind an image of the Pilgrim Fathers,
the persecuted pioneers of Christian values, this elite cabal advocated
the idea that “Englishmen and Americans would promote international
friendship through their pilgrimages to and fro across the Atlantic ”.
[46] It presented itself as a spontaneous movement to promote
democracy across the world [47] and doubtless many of the members
believed that, but The Pilgrims included a select collective of the
wealthiest figures in both Britain and the United States who were deeply
involved with the Secret Elite. They shared Rhodes ’ dream and wanted
to be party to it.
The New York branch of The Pilgrims was launched at the
Waldorf-Astoria on 13 January 1903, [48] and comprised the most
important bankers, politicians and lawyers on the Eastern Seaboard. They
established a tradition of close interaction with British and American
ambassadors. [49] The ambassadorial connections with The Pilgrims would
prove absolutely crucial in linking the Foreign Secretary in London and
the Secretary of State in Washington to the Secret Elite and its agenda
for war. A number of the American Pilgrims also had close links with the
New York branch of the Secret Elite’s Round Table.
In Britain , at least eighteen members of the Secret Elite, including
Lords Rothschild, Curzon, Northcliffe, Esher and Balfour attended
Pilgrims dinners, though the regularity of their attendance is difficult
to establish. Such is the perennial problem with secretive groups. We
know something about the guests invited to dinner, but not what was
discussed between courses. [50] In New York , members included both the
Rockefeller and Morgan dynasties and many men in senior government
posts. Initially, membership was likewise limited to 500. [51] The
power-elite in America was New York centred, carried great influence in
domestic and international politics, and was heavily indulgent of Yale,
Harvard and Princeton Universities . They conducted an American version
of what Carroll Quigley termed the Secret Elite’s
triple-front-penetration of politics, the press and education. [52] The
Pilgrims Society brought together American money and British
aristocracy, royalty, government ministers and top diplomats. It was
indeed a special relationship.
Of all the American banking establishments, none was more
Anglo-centric than the J. P. Morgan bank, itself deeply involved with
The Pilgrims. An American, George Peabody, established the bank in
London in 1835. In 1854 he took on a partner, Junius Morgan, (father of
J. P. Morgan) and the bank was renamed Peabody , Morgan & Co. When
Peabody ’s retired in 1864 it became the J. S. Morgan bank.
The Rothschilds had developed a close relationship with Peabody and
Morgan, and following a crash in 1857 saved the bank by organizing a
huge bailout by the Bank of England. Although American by birth, the
Morgan family wore their affinity to England like a badge of honour.
Despite stinging criticism from Thomas Jefferson that Junius’s
father-in-law, the Rev John Pierpont, was “under the influence of the
whore of England ,” [53] Junius sent his son to the English High School
in Boston . J. P. Morgan spent much of his younger years absorbing
English traditions, and was an ardent anglophile and admirer of the
British Empire.
In 1899 J. P. Morgan travelled to England to attend an international
Bankers Convention and returned to America as the representative of
Rothschild interests in the United States . [54] It was the perfect
front. Morgan, who posed as an upright Protestant guardian of
capitalism, who could trace his family roots to pre-Revolutionary times,
acted for the Rothschilds and shielded their American profits from the
poison of anti-Semitism. In 1895 the Rothschilds had secretly
replenished the US gold reserves through J.P. Morgan, and raised him to
the premier league of international banking. [55] In turn,
his gratitude was extended to another Rothschild favourite and leading
figure in the Secret Elite, Alfred Milner. In 1901, Morgan offered
Milner a then massive income of $100,000 per annum to become a partner
in the London branch [56] but Milner was not to be distracted
from the vital business of the Boer War. J. P. Morgan was an Empire
loyalist at the heart of the American Establishment.
A second powerful bank on Wall Street, Kuhn, Loeb & Co., also
served as a Rothschild front. Jacob Schiff, a German who ran the bank,
came from a family close to the Rothschilds.[57] He had been born in the
house his parents shared with the Rothschilds in the Jewish quarter of
Frankfurt . [58] Schiff was an experienced European banker whose career
straddled both continents, with contacts in New York , London , Hamburg
and Frankfurt . His long-standing friend, Edward Cassel of the Secret
Elite, was appointed Kuhn, Loeb’s agent in London . Schiff even dined
with King Edward on the strength of Cassel ’s close friendship with the
King. [59] Jacob Schiff had married Solomon Loeb’s daughter and, backed
by Rothschild gold, quickly gained overall control of the Kuhn, Loeb
Bank. [60] Schiff in turn brought a young German banker, Paul Warburg,
over to New York to help him run the bank. Paul and his brother Max had
served part of their banking apprenticeships with Natty Rothschild in
London . Like the Peabody-Morgan bank in London , the Warburg family
bank in Hamburg had been saved by a very large injection of Rothschild
money, and undoubtedly acted as a Rothschild front thereafter.
On the surface there were periods of blistering competition between
the investment banking houses and international oil goliaths J. D.
Rockefeller and the Rothschilds, but by the turn of the century they
adopted a more subtle relationship that avoided real competition. A
decade earlier, Baron Alphonse de Rothschild had accepted Rockefeller’s
invitation to meet in New York behind the closed doors of Standard Oil’s
headquarters on Broadway. Standard’s chief spokesman, John D Archbold
[61] reported that they had quickly reached a tentative agreement, and
thought it desirable on both sides that the matter was kept
confidential. Clearly both understood the advantage of monopolistic
collusion. It was a trend they eventually developed to their own
advantage. By the early years of the twentieth century much of the
assumed rivalry between major stakeholders in banking, industry and
commerce was a convenient façade, though they would have the world
believe otherwise.
Consider please this convenient façade. Official Rothschild
biographers maintain that the dynasty’s interests in America were
limited, and that the American Civil War led to “a permanent decline in
the Rothschild’s transatlantic influence”. [62] All our evidence points
in the opposite direction. Their associates, agents and front companies
permeated American finance and industry. Their influence was literally
everywhere. J. P. Morgan, the acknowledged chieftain of the
Anglo-American financial establishment was the main conduit for British
capital [63]and a personal friend of the Rothschilds. Jacob Schiff of
Kuhn, Loeb, another close friend of the Rothschild family, worked
hand-in-glove with Rockefeller in oil, railroad and banking
enterprises. Jacob Schiff the Pilgrim was both a Rothschild agent and a
trusted associate of J. D. Rockefeller the Pilgrim. Morgan, Schiff and
Rockefeller, the three leading players on Wall Street, had settled into a
cosy cartel behind which the House of Rothschild remained hidden, but
retained immense influence and power. Control of capital and credit was
increasingly concentrated in the hands of fewer and fewer men until the
rival banking groups ceased to operate in genuine competition. [64]
This trans-Atlantic financial collusion underpinned the
Anglo-American bond on which the Secret Elite built their dream of world
domination. Political control moved hand in glove with the Money-Power.
One of the problems the Secret Elite had to contend with was democracy,
even the very limited choice that British and American democracy had to
offer. Professor Quigley observed that Alfred Milner, and apparently
most members of the Secret Elite, believed that “democracy was not an
unmixed good, or even a good, and far inferior to the rule of the best…”
[65] They, of course, believed themselves “the best” and their
morality did not exclude the use of warfare to carry out what they
deemed to be their civilising mission; a new world order based on ruling
class values in which they would be first amongst men.
In Britain , faced with an electorate that frequently changed
allegiance from the Conservative party to the Liberal party and back
again, the Secret Elite selected reliable and trusted men to hold high
office in both parties. Conservative Prime Minister Arthur
Balfour, a member of the inner circle of the Secret Elite, [66] and
Foreign Secretary Lord Lansdowne began the transformation of British
Foreign policy towards war with Germany in the sure knowledge that
senior Liberals would continue that policy if and when the people voted
for change. Herbert Henry Asquith, Richard Haldane and Sir Edward Grey
were Milner’s chosen senior men in the Liberal Party and “objects of his
special attention”. [67] Their remit was to ensure that an incoming
Liberal government maintained a seamless foreign policy that served the
grand plan. Their Secret Elite connections were impeccable. Together,
with their good friend Arthur Balfour, they were intimately involved
with the inner circles of the cabal. Their duty was to the King, the
Empire, to Milner’s dream, to Rhode’s legacy. They confronted the same
problems, analysed the same alternatives and agreed the same solution.
Germany had to go.
The senior Liberals, Asquith, Grey and Haldane, conspired to
undermine the anti-war Liberal Party leader Campbell-Bannerman from
within and were supported by both the Conservative party leaders and
King Edward VII, himself a key figure inside the Secret Elite. Every
major step taken by the British Foreign Office from 1902 onwards was
dictated by the overall objective to destroy Germany . Treaties with
Japan , the Entente Cordiale with France and all of its secret clauses,
the secret conventions agreed between King Edward and the Russian Czar
had that single purpose. Simply put, the large field armies of France
and Russia were needed to crush Germany.
In the United States , and indeed in France , political power was
guaranteed by financial incentives and the appointment of suitable
candidates, in other words through bribery and corruption. Senator
Nelson Aldrich of Rhode Island was chosen by the Secret Elite to be the
voice of “sound economics” in the Senate. A wealthy businessman and
father-in-law of J.D.Rockefeller Jr., Aldrich was known as “Morgan’s
floor broker in the Senate.” [68] Shameless in his excesses, he used
public office to feather his own very large nest. Public service was to
him little more than a cash cow through which he built a ninety-nine
roomed chateau and sailed a two hundred foot yacht. [69] Over a two-year
period the Money-Power worked steadily on their chosen Senator to turn
him into an “expert” on banking systems. Congress appointed a National
Monetary Commission in 1908 with Aldrich as Chairman to review U.S.
banking. Its members toured Europe , supposedly collecting data on
various banking systems. Aldrich’s final report, however, was not the
product of any European study tour, but of a collective conspiracy.
In November 1910, five bankers representing Morgan, Rockefeller and
Kuhn Loeb interests, met in total secrecy with Senator Aldrich and the
Assistant Secretary to the U.S. Treasury on Jekyll Island , an exclusive
playground of the mega-rich off the coast of Georgia . Of the seven
conspirators, five, Senator Aldrich, Henry Davison, Benjamin Strong,
Frank Vanderlip and Paul Warburg, were members of The Pilgrims. [70]
Their objective was to formulate a Central Banking Bill that would be
presented to Congress as if it was the brainchild of Aldrich’s Monetary
Commission.
The proposed “Federal Reserve System” was to be owned entirely by
private banks, though its name implied that it was a government
institution. Individuals from the American banking dynasties, including
Morgan, Warburg, Schiff and Rockefeller, would hold the shares. It was
to be a central bank of issue that would have a monopoly of all the
money and credit of the people of the United States . It would control
the interest rate and the volume of money in circulation. The Federal
Reserve System constructed on Jekyll Island had powers that King Midas
could never have contemplated. The objective was to establish a
franchise to create money out of nothing for the purpose of lending, get
the taxpayer to pick up any losses, and convince Congress that the aim
was to protect the public. [71]
The Aldrich proposals never went to a vote. President Taft refused to
support the Bill on the grounds that it would not impose sufficient
government control over the banks. The Money Power decided that Taft had
to go. Their support in the 1912 Presidential election swung behind the
little known Woodrow Wilson. The speed with which Wilson was bounced
from his post at Princeton University in 1910, to Governor of New Jersey
in 1911, then Democratic Party nominee for the Presidency in 1912 made
him the Solomon Grundy of U S politics.
Not only did the Secret Elite put their man in the White House, they
also gave him a minder, Edward Mandell House. Woodrow Wilson was
President of the United States but this shadowy figure stood by his
side, controlling his every move. House, an Anglophile who had been part
educated in England , was credited with swinging the 1912 Democratic
Convention in Baltimore behind Wilson . [72] He became Woodrow Wilson’s
constant companion from that point onwards, with his own suite of rooms
in the White House. He was also in direct, sometimes daily contact with
J. P. Morgan Jr, Jacob Schiff, Paul Warburg, and Democrat Senators who
sponsored the Federal Reserve Bill. [73] Mandell House guided the
President in every aspect of foreign and domestic policy, chose his
Cabinet and formulated the first policies of his new Administration.
[74] He was the prime intermediary between the President and his Wall
Street backers. [75] The Anglo-centric Money Power had complete control
of the White House and finally established its central bank in time for
the Secret Elite’s war.
Ponder the significance of this coincidence. Provided with huge sums
of Secret Elite money rerouted via St Petersburg , French politicians,
newspapers and journalists were effectively corrupted to elect the Revanchistwarmonger
candidate Raymond Poincare to the Presidency of France. By February
1913, two major powers, The United States and France, had new Presidents
who were elected to office through the machinations of the Secret
Elite. They had positioned key players in the governments of Britain ,
France , and the United States and exerted immense influence over the
foreign ministry in Russia . Politics, money and power were the pillars
on which the Anglo-Saxon elite would destroy Germany and take control
of the world.
All that was left to concoct was a reason for war. The Kaiser’s
refusal to be drawn into direct confrontation with France and Britain
over crises in Morocco in 1905 and 1911 demanded a rethink. Public
hysteria in Britain about spies was developed into a cottage industry,
with barely literate novels and wild articles in Northcliffe’s papers
portraying Germany as a dangerous warmongering nation of Huns preparing
to pounce on an unsuspecting and ill-prepared Britain . Similarly in
France , through blatant bribery and corruption, both the press and the Revanchistesin French politics fomented anti-German sentiment. But Germany remained stubbornly unwilling to become involved a European war.
From 1912 onwards the Secret Elite looked to the Balkans to provide
the excuse for war. Alexander Isvolsky, their top Russian agent, had
been strategically moved to Paris , from which vantage point he directed
the Balkan agitation. The mix of ethnic diversity, religious
animosities, political intrigue and raw nationalism was deliberately
provoked into two brutal Balkan wars which in themselves could have
brought about a pan-European war, but the Kaiser refused to take the
bait.
Something more dramatic, more sensational, was needed. The notion
propagated by many historians that world war was ‘inevitable’ or that
the world ‘slid’ into war is crass. Chance was not involved. It required
a complex set of manipulated events engineered by determined men to set
the fuse. What remained was a spark to ignite that fuse. It came with
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir-apparent to the
Austrian Empire, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. Millions of words have
been written to describe the events in Sarajevo that day, but none have
ever revealed the trail of complicity that led from the gunmen back to
the Secret Elite in London . Be certain of one thing. It was not the man
who fired the bullet that caused a world war.
Thus war engulfed the known world to a degree that had no precedent.
Histories have been written to explain away the reasons why, histories
that favoured the victors and twisted the truth to blame Germany . How
history has been manipulated, how evidence has been removed, burned,
shredded or otherwise denied to genuine researchers remains a crime
against truth, against humanity. The received history of the First
World War is a deliberately concocted lie. Not the sacrifice, the
heroism, the horrendous waste of life or the misery that followed. No,
these were very real, but the truth of how it all began and how it was
unnecessarily and deliberately prolonged beyond 1915 has been
successfully covered up for a century.
Professor Quigley stated,
“No country that values its safety should allow what the Milner group accomplished – that is, that a small number of men would be able to wield such power in administration and politics, should be given almost complete control over the publication of documents relating to their actions, should be able to exercise such influence over the avenues of information that create public opinion, and should be able to monopolize so completely the writing and the teaching of the history of their own period.” [76]
Never were truer words uttered in dire warning. These Founding
Fathers, the Secret Elite, began with Rhodes’ secret society and
expanded across the Atlantic , always away from the public eye. They
were deniers of democracy, men who always pursued their own malevolent
agenda, who used this very process to advance their power. What they
achieved in causing the First World War was but the first step in their
long term drive to a new world order.
Gerry Docherty is a former head teacher. Jim Macgregor was a family doctor. They took early retirement and worked full time together for the past five years researching and writing Hidden History, The Secret Origins of the First World War -
described at the Edinburgh International Book Festival as a
“fascinating and incendiary book”. It reveals how historical accounts of
the war’s origins have been falsified to conceal the guilt of the
secret cabal of rich and powerful men (described in this article) and
explains their manipulations and deceptions. Perhaps it will suffer the
same fate as Carroll Quigley’s work, for there are many with cause to
wish it suppressed. If you have an open mind and seek answers that have
not been forthcoming, if you are prepared to dig further into a hugely
important aspect of history, we invite you to read it.
For details visit the authors’ blogsite at firstworldwarhiddenhistory.wordpress.com.
Hidden History, The Secret Origins of the First World War by Gerry Docherty and Jim Macgregor is available at leading bookshops and can also be purchased on the internet at Amazon, Alibris, etc.
Notes:
[1] W.T. Stead, The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes, p. 62.
[2] Stead, The Last Will and Testament, p. 55.
[3] Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment, p. 6.
[4] Carroll Quigley, Tragedy &Hope, pp.130-31.
[5] Joan Veon, The United Nations Global Straightjacket, p. 68.
[6] J. A. Hobson, John Ruskin, Social Reformer, p. 187.
[7] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 3.
[8] Edward Griffin, The Creature from Jekyll Island , p. 272.
[9] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, pp. 4-5.
[10] Interview can be heard at www.youtube.com/watch?v=
[11] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. x
[12] Ibid.
[14] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. xi
[16] Neil Parsons, A New History of Southern Africa , pp. 179–181.
[17] Niall Ferguson, The House of Rothschild, The World’s Banker, p. 363.
[18] James Lees-Milne, The Enigmatic Edwardian, pp. 162-8.
[19] Quigley, Tragedy & Hope, p. 216.
[20] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 311.
[21] Derek Wilson, Rothschild: The Wealth and Power of a Dynasty, pp. 98-99.
[22] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, pp. 16-17.
[23] Stead, Last Will and Testament, p.108.
[24] Thomas Pakenham, The Boer War, p.115.
[25] Emily Hobhouse, The Brunt of War and Where it Fell, p. 174.
[26] W.T. Stead, cited in Hennie Barnard, The Concentration Camps 1899–
[27] Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 483
[28] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 7.
[29] Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 138.
[30] William Nimocks, Milner’s Young Men p. 21
[31] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p.312.
[32] Ibid., p. 7
[33] Ibid., pp. 86-7.
[34] Ibid., p.314.
[35] Ibid., p. 4.
[36] Ibid., p. 312.
[37] Quigley, Tragedy & Hope, p. 216.
[38] Ibid., pp. 60-61.
[39] Stead, Last Will and Testament, p. 59.
[40] Ibid. p. 34.
[41] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 33.
[42] Ibid., p.49
[43] Ibid.
[44] Anne Pimlot Baker, The Pilgrims of Great Britain , p. 12.
[45] New York Times, 3 March 1903.
[46] Baker, Pilgrims of Great Britain, p.13.
[47] E.C. Knuth, The Empire of The City, p.64
[48] Baker, The Pilgrims of the United States , p.3.
[49] Baker, Pilgrims of Great Britain, p.16.
[50] While it is possible to list all
of those in whose honour these dinners were organised, the
individual members who attended remains a secret.
[51] Baker, Pilgrims of the United States , p .9.
[52] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 15.
[53] Webster G Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin, George Bush; the Unauthorized Biography, p.136.
[54] W.G.Carr, Pawns in the Game, p. 60.
[55] G. Edward Griffin, interview
[56] Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 951.
[57] Ron Chernow, The Warburgs, pp. 46-8.
[58] Stephen Birmingham, Our Crowd, p. 175.
[59] Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 51.
[60] Carr, Pawns in the Game, p. 61.
[61] Initially an outspoken critic of
Standard Oil, Archbold was recruited by Rockefeller to a directorship
of the company, where he later served as vice president and then
president until its ‘demise ’ in 1911.
[62] Ferguson , House of Rothschild, p. 117.
[63] Chernow, Titan, The Life of John D Rockefeller Sr., p. 390.
[64] Edward Griffin, The Creature from Jekyll Island , p. 436.
[65] Quigley, Anglo American Establishment, p. 134.
[66] Ibid., p. 312.
[67] Terence H. O’Brien, Milner, p. 187.
[68] Gary Allen, None Dare Call it Conspiracy, Chapter 3, p8.
[69] Chernow, Titan, p. 352.
[70] Organisation for the Study of Globalisation and Covert Politics,
[71] Griffin , Creature from Jekyll Island , p. 23.
[72] Ibid., p. 240.
[73] Ibid., p. 458.
[74] George Sylvester Viereck, The Strangest Friendship in History: Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House, p. 4.
[75] Ibid., pp. 35-7.
[76] Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 197.
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